L2 Gym Instructor - Anatomy, Physiology and Kinesiology for Exercise and Health

1. Which of the following is a function of the heart?

Pump’s blood around the body Removes lactic acid from the body Delivers deoxygenated blood to the tissues Pump carbon dioxide to the working muscles

2. Which of the following describes the structure of the heart?

2 Chambers, 1 atria 1 ventricle 4 ventricles, 3 atria 1 ventricle 4 Chambers 1 atria, 3 ventricles 4 Chambers, 2 atria, 2 ventricles

3. Which of the following identifies the location of the heart?

Behind the sternum slightly to the left Behind the right of the sternum Below the rib cage Under the shoulder girdle

4. Where does blood flow to after leaving the right ventricle?

Left atrium Pulmonary vein Right atrium Pulmonary artery

5. Which one of the following is true?

Pulmonary circulation occurs around the heart Pulmonary circulation helps remove CO2 Pulmonary circulation circulates oxygenated blood Pulmonary circulation delivers nutrients to the body’s tissues

6. Which of the following describes the structure of arteries?

Arteries are thin walls with little muscle Arteries divide into smaller blood vessels called venules Arteries are thick muscular walls Extremely thin walls

7. Define blood pressure.

Blood pressure is the force applied to the walls of the veins as the blood flows through Blood pressure is the force at which the blood diffuses into the muscles Blood pressure is a measure of the force that is applied against the walls of the arteries as the blood flows through Blood pressure is the force applied to the walls of the capillaries as the blood flows through

8. Which of the following readings represents optimal blood pressure?

160/100 mmHg 150/85 mmHg 90/55 mmHg 120/80 mmHg

9. Which of the following is located in the chest cavity?

Lungs Kidneys Liver Spleen

10. What is the function of the lungs?

Deliver carbon dioxide to the working muscles Deliver protein to the working muscles Receiving oxygen and delivering to the working muscles whilst removing waste products Receiving carbon dioxide and delivering it to the working muscles

11. Which of the following represents the correct breathing cycle?

Nose and mouth, pharynx and larynx, bronchioles, alveoli, trachea, bronchi Nose and mouth, pharynx and larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli Nose and mouth, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pharynx Nose and mouth, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, trachea

12. Describe where gaseous exchange takes place.

Occurs at the alveoli Occurs at the bronchiole Occurs at the bronchus Occurs at the trachea

13. Which of the following represents some of the skeleton’s basic functions?

Concentric and eccentric contractions Speed and power Shape, protection, attachment Strength

14. Identify the structures of the axial skeleton.

Spine, ribs, skull Ligaments and tendons Upper and lower limbs Long bones and Flat bones

15. Identify the structures of the appendicular skeleton.

Spine, ribs, skull Ligaments and tendons Upper and lower limbs Long bones and Flat bones

16. Which of the following defines Osteoblasts?

The bone builders and form new bone The process in which ligaments and tendons are formed The process in which old bone is removed The process in which bone is remodelled

17. Which classification of bone does the humerus fall into?

Short bones Irregular bones Long bones Flat bones

18. Which Region of the spine is affected by hyperkyphosis?

Lumbar Thoracic Sacral Coccygeal

19. Which of the following describes the term neutral spine?

Scoliosis Hyperkyphosis Hyperlordosis All three natural curves of the spine in good alignment

20. Which type of joint can be found at the hip?

Pivot Ball and socket Saddle Gliding

21. Which type of joint can be found at the shoulder girdle?

Gliding Ball and socket Ellipsoid Hinge

22. Which type of joint is Fixed and Immovable?

Synovial Cartilaginous Ligament Fibrous

23. Which of the following is a voluntary muscle?

Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle Ligaments

24. What percentage of skeletal muscle is water?

50% 70% 65% 40%

27. Which structure is made up of tough, white, non-elastic fibrous tissues?

Bone Smooth muscle Ligament Skeletal muscle

28. Which of the following is a characteristic of Smooth muscle?

Controlled by the autonomic nervous system It is cardiac Controlled by the somatic nervous system It contracts voluntarily

29. Which structure attaches muscle to bone?

Ligament Cartilage Epiphysis Tendon

30. What contraction is happening when a muscle lengthens and generates force?

Isometric Isotonic Concentric Eccentric

31. What is a characteristic of slow twitch muscle fibres?

Poor in blood supply White in colour Greater blood supply Anaerobic fibres

32. Which of the following is a long effect of exercise on the skeletal system?

Increased strength of ligaments and tendons Decreased strength of ligaments and tendons Decrease of synovial fluid in freely movable joints Decrease in ATP

33. Which of the following can be described as the energy currency?

Pyruvic Acid Glycolysis Adenosine diphosphate Adenosine triphosphate

34. Which energy system produces carbon dioxide water and heat as by products?

Lactate system Aerobic System Creatine phosphate system Anaerobic system

35. Which energy system has a duration of 0-10 seconds?

Aerobic system Creatine phosphate system Anaerobic system Lactate system

36. Which of the following is a major component of the nervous system?

Aerobic system Peripheral nervous system Skeletal system Acetylcholine system

37. What principle is being described when stating that a nerve impulse will innervate all the muscle fibres within a motor unit?

Eccentric contraction The autonomic nervous system The sliding filament theory The all or none law

38. Which of the following describes the term digestion?

The food we ingest The absorption of food we ingest into the blood stream The breaking down of the food we have ingested through chemical processes The breaking down of waste products

39. Which of the following is a function of the pancreas?

Creates ATP Absorption of food into the blood stream Assists in the breakdown of fats Removal of potentially poisonous substances

L2 Gym Instructor – Anatomy, Physiology and Kinesiology for Exercise and Health